As Northam points out, this is symbolized by the Italian costume with a large black shawl over it (Ibsen 270) that she wears to the upstairs party where she is to dance the tarantella: The fancy dress suggests to us that she still inhabits the world of make believe, the Dolls House, with its fictitious values; the black suggests to us her thoughts of suicide to end her sickness. He spent some time in disgrace after committing an "indiscretion," and resorts to blackmail in an attempt to keep his job as a mark of respectability. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. This is sheer madness. This, of course, had an impact on the theater. Once he knows the truth about the extortion, he must decide whether to protect his familys reputation or to be a honest, upright person. When in Act II Nora calls for a lighted lamp, the ensuing light chases away the semi-darkness of the room in which she and Doctor Rank had been conversing and in which Doctor Rank had declared his love for her. Their home is like a playground, it is only all fun and gamesthere is no real love or care. The role of women She points out that once he received the IOU back from, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Struggling with distance learning? As they pause, she hears something drop into the letterbox, then the steps gradually diminish. Now, her decision of whether or not to to continue being extorted, and consequently increase Krogstads level of control, is her first moral dilemma presented within the play. Whilst outsiders have the capacity to challenge their respective communities, their [], The American Dream varies for individuals, but for most it includes providing a stable home for their children and ensuring future generations will have more opportunities to become successful. They were almost invariably male. But it is so terrible, Christine, it mustn't happen, not for all the world." It may seem as if individual morals go against the social appearance, but in value, individuals perceive a need for an appearance to convey a sense of belonging. Turning to go, he tells her that he is leaving a letter informing Torvald of the forgery. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." But these characters turn out to be as fallible and morally compromised as most people are in real life. As Northam points out, Noras insistence on hiding her troubles is symbolized by the Christmas tree: We, the audience, can see the tree, suggestive of family security and happiness, set defiantly in the center of the stage to dominate it, as if its mere presence could banish Noras troubles. Along the way he discovered incredible connections and reasons why so many hereditary diseases are still alive today. In a society in which difficult or 'taboo' topics were not discussed openly, much of the truth in A Doll's House is conveyed via letters and cards. This action by Nora shows that she is somewhat childish that she stands in fear of her husband, and that she does not mind indulging in a bit of deception. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Beginning at the age of fifteen years old he was determined to find answers and make connections. As she discards her illusions, so she discards her fancy-dress and her black cloak and shawl, and appears in her everyday dressto symbolize her entry into a world of cold fact and commonsense (Northam 107). Dr Rank acts the role of friend to Torvald and Nora, but we later discover the true motive for his daily visits: he is in love with Nora. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. This is Nora's first suggestion of withdrawing from the life she has lived up until now. But this is the beauty of drama and poetry. Ibsen is considered by many as the father of realism, and one of the plays that belong to Ibsens realism period is A Dolls House. Here the macaroons serve as a means of showing the desperate state of Noras mind. A precious little pampered thing like you. Her tarantella is then a symbolic death dance which Rank, fittingly, plays for her on the piano. Nora listens breathlessly as the footsteps pass downstairs. A Doll's House as a Feminist Play A Doll's House as a Modern Tragedy The Christmas Tree Symbolism in A Doll's House Then there is the Christmas tree which we see at the beginning of Act I. then towards the close of Act I, and then again at the beginning of Act II. "Where's my little skylark?" Difficulties in the Linden Household: Is Christina Meant to Be a Housewife? Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Indeed, the final scene produced the door slam heard around the world and the play is still the object of debate today. It is a partial parallel to Nora living her entire life in a doll house, which is something. Despite her husband's instructions, Nora moves more and more violently, dancing "as if her life depended on it." The first words that the reader confronts are the words that make up the title. On the night of Ranks final examination, one can see the symbolic connection between Ranks death and the death of Nora and Torvalds marriage. The following quotes examine morality and sense of agency in 19th-century Norway, as the character in Ibsen's A Doll's House are embroiled in the contradictions of the values they live by. But Ibsen was not interested in becoming a spokesman for feminism. It wasnt until years later that he put all the pieces together. this premium content, Members Only section of the site! Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. And Dr Rank talks to Nora as the intelligent person she is, not as the silly doll-child that Torvald prefers. The way the content is organized. Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. She went out into a very dark night (Bradbrook 87). Nora decides to keep her financial woes a secret, because. A victim of tuberculosis of the spine, Rank denounces the "inexorable retribution'' that innocent children must pay for their parent's excesses, and Nora covers her ears to prevent hearing the references to her own life and her own children. Mining symbolism in Ibsen can be a difficult task indeed. More than ever before, what defined one's place in society was one's ability to make and control money. A parallel occurs between Nora and Krogstad when it is revealed that they both committed forgery. Torvald in return deceives Nora and himself when he claims, with apparent sincerity, that if he would take upon himself any burden that fell upon Nora. Angelica Frey. Nora then faces the moral dilemma between upholding the values of marriage by being honest with her husband and keeping her secret and avoiding the consequences of her actions. Therefore we can see that Ibsens realism contributed to the demystification of Western civilization. Nora rises and quietly calls the servant to bring them more light. And you can pretend Im doing it just for youand for Torvald as well, of course. Despite this insight, she still believes, as she tells Christine, that the "wonderful thing" will still take place the proud terrible moment when Torvald discovers the forgery and takes all the guilt upon himself. Symbolism is one of the common devices used in drama and in other forms of literature also). When Torvald tells her that he wishes to get rid of Krogstad, not because he judges him morally incompetent but because he is ashamed to admit friendship with a man held to be disreputable, Nora observes that Torvald is quite different from the moralizing and respectable husband she has admired for eight years. In the play A Dolls House, Nora represent the conventional feminine basic of the age. Latest answer posted April 16, 2021 at 1:12:23 AM. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. And the childrenthats the most terrible part of it, Nora A fog of lies like that in a household, and it spreads disease and infection to every part of it. Sick from consumption . Those two must have the whole thing out between them. There has always been a very close sympathy between Nora and Doctor Rank, and the latter has always found her company to be a source of comfort to him in his miserable life. He believed that freedom must come from within individuals rather than from the efforts of social and political organizations (141). The thing must be hushed up at all costs. Refine any search. Much of Krogstad's life has been affected by society's moral standards. She implies that his declaration of love was a deed of darkness, even though she had been prepared to exploit that darkness for her own purposes. Are you interested in getting a customized paper? Torvald asks in disbelief if what, ruined his happiness and jeopardized his future, as he is now at the mercy of, is pretending and says it would not do him any good if she died, because, plans to do next. But the play would come to be noted for more reasons than its style. Inheritance ; but also a husband who has such an essentially false idea of happiness between man and woman, that it has practically undermined this delightful home, and it is ready to fall in, at any moment (Lord 96). Today it is hard to appreciate how extremely dangerous Noras decision to leave her husband was at the time. This is a terrible price to have to pay for self-fulfillment, but inevitable, given that society and the individual are so much at cross-purposes. This renders all her statements about never disobeying him or hiding anything from him deceitful. Not only does it underscore the "pollution and infection" which a guilty parent can pass on to his children Nora being the guilt-ridden parent, Rank the victim of venereal disease but it shows the youthful innocence of Nora. Every breath the children take in that kind of house is reeking evil germs. Money From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Join Now Log in Home Literature Essays A Doll's House The Morality of Relationships in 'A Doll's House' A Doll's House The Morality of Relationships in 'A Doll's House' Amy Allison 11th Grade In his play 'A Doll's House' Henrik Ibsen provides the audience with an insight into life in 19th Century Norway and the injustices that existed in society at the time. The ubiquitous theme of appearance versus reality, which is so important in so many works of literature, comes to play here as we are shown a marriage that, on the surface at least, appears to be perfect, yet as the play progresses, we realise that Nora is anything but the perfect wife that her husband thinks she is. By the end of the play, she has realized her true strength and strikes out as an independent woman. Furthermore, he has to decide how to treat his wife, considering his deep disapproval both of her forgery and her concealment. Then there is the Christmas tree which we see at the beginning of Act I. then towards the close of Act I, and then again at the beginning of Act II. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Nils Krogstad appears in, yet as Torvald is still with Dr. Rank. Perhaps, as his notes state, he was looking for a modern tragic hero. This event awakened Noras true personality and she finally realized that their marriage was fake and weak. Northam states that Dr. Ranks physical disease is a symbol for moral disease. The macaroons appear again at least twice. Latest answer posted May 25, 2020 at 11:05:53 PM. Thanks for stopping by! Thus Doctor Rank was used the black cross as a symbol, as opposed to the symbol of the light. Nora asks who it is, and, Mrs. Linde asks Nora who it was at the door. All this secrecy and deception, it just cant go on. As Nora stretches her arms out to him, the curtain falls. Whether physically or mentally it is the Moral Disease and is a strong reason while Torvald does not hangout with Dr.Rank his friend. What literary devices are used in A Doll's House? Or crust and sugar over -- Like a syrupy sweet? Do you hear me, call her back," Nora pleads in panic. More books than SparkNotes. Torvald is a character that wants control over his wife and believes that he has it. eNotes Editorial, 14 Feb. 2019, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-moral-dilemmas-ibsens-doll-house-260029. The Hollowness of Conventional 19th Century Christian Morality in Henrik Ibsen's A Dolls House and Emile Zola's Therese Raquin. A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen is perhaps one of the most hotly debated plays to come out of the 19th century. Not too big, not too small, but "just right." Children can handle a lot of powerful thoughts and feelings, as long as they can process them on the right scale, intuitively concordant with both . And so Noras frantic struggle against fate is represented through a symbolic action, through the rapid movements of the Tarantella which was traditionally a dance performed by those who had been stung by the tarantula, a poisonous spider. As I mentioned earlier, Noras exit has always been refereed to as the door slam heard around the world. Instant PDF downloads. Once again Ibsen employs a highly useful dramatic technique to symbolize Noras last effort to hide her secret: her clothing. The Morality of Sexual Relationships in Chaucers The Merchants Tale and in Ibsens A Dolls House. He embraces his nervous wife, suspecting that she is afraid of a letter Krogstad may have written. And even after he has rejected Nora, he wants her to remain under his roof to preserve the image of a respectable marriage. Rank points out that she seems even more relaxed in his company than with Torvald. In some ways, deceit is presented as a corrupting and corroding force in the peoples lives; however, in Noras case, it is clear that the motivation for her dishonesty was loveshe lied in order to save her husbands life. Reverberation is not only the sound created by the slam of the door but is the word the reader sees in the last sentence of the play. Nora's attempt to take partial control of the money in their marriage by taking out the loan ends in disaster, as Torvald feels morally shamed by her action. Although this was one of the prevalent notions, other significant themes include the unreliability of appearance and the notion of heredity., Mentally Sick In A Doll's House By Henrik Ibsen, In A Dolls House written by Henrik Ibsen morality and moral disease are used to describe people who are sick, both mentally and sick. They wish for each other that they might both sleep well, and it takes no in-depth symbolic mining to realize that they are talking about death. Every breath the children take in that kind of house is reeking evil germs. Deceit Theme Analysis. Examples are Krogstad's letter to Torvald revealing the facts of Nora's loan; his subsequent letter retracting his threats and enclosing her bond; and Dr Rank's discreet visiting cards, marked only with a black cross, announcing his death. Another moral dilemma in the play revolves around Noras thoughts on whether to stay with her husband. After struggling so much to keep her husband from finding a painful truth and being critized when it was known, Nora realizes all she had ever been was a doll to her loved ones which pushes her to make the right decision of leaving everything behind and finding herself., Just like Selena and Justin, lies destroy relationships along with people's self character. Analysis of Ibsens a Dolls House from Feminist and Humanist Perspective Essay, The Themes of Betrayal and Forgiveness in Paradise Lost by John Milton and a Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen Essay, Realism And Feminism In A Dolls House By Henrik Ibsen Essay, The Theme Of Money In Molieres Tartuffe And Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essay, Dissecting A Dream Deferred in "A Raisin in the Sun" Essay, "A Raisin in the Sun": Feminism in Lorraine Hansberry's Book Essay, The Strugglea of an Outsider in "Medea" and "A Streetcar Named Desire" Essay, A Raisin in the Sun Revised: Examining Petrie's Film Adaptation Essay. Society wishes to preserve the status quo, whereas self-fulfillment often means pushing and breaking boundaries. Analysis of Ibsen's A Doll's House: Feminist or Humanist? Alone, Nora resigns herself to suicide, reckoning that, until the end of the party, she has thirty-one hours left to live. Mrs Linde has betrayed her true love, Krogstad, by marrying another man for money and security, an act which has left her "empty." In order for Ibsen to create a modern hero out of a Victorian housewife he had to rely on all the tools of the trade. Hereditary disease is presented as social and moral afflictions, not just physical ailments. All throughout the book A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen teaches us that lies/deception will destroy a relationship., One of the most prevalent issues Ibsen brings to his audience through A Dolls House is nineteenth century gender roles. "Call her back, Torvald. Nora, on the other hand, shows in her "other life" that she is not so easily controlled and dominated by Torvald. And if the visual representation of Noras desire to repress her problems is not obvious enough, then her conversation with herself while she is dressing the tree creates an undeniably powerful effect: Well put a candle hereand some flowers herethat dreadful man! Whatever happens, Torvald declares, "you may be sure that I am man enough to take everything upon myself." At the last, she left her husband and children was begets action in her life as a feminist. You have forgotten everything I've taught you." Nora reads much more meaning into this. In general, the play's female characters exemplify Nora's assertion . Being herself far from naive, she reproaches Nora for having borrowed the money from Dr. Rank to pay for Torvald's rest cure in Italy. And as far as you and I are concerned, things must appear to go on exactly as before. Because of the discoveries of the Enlightenment, humans could no longer be sure about their place in the universe. Third, the disease shows how male actions can shape (and distort) the lives of men as well as women. "But tomorrow night after you have danced " "Then you will be free," she answers significantly. Nora deceives Torvald about the loan and hides her own strength, even lying to him about trivial matters such as eating sweets, because she intuits that he cannot tolerate the truth about their marriage. The death of Noras illusions is, once again, symbolized by her clothing: But her costume speaks for her. Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House is an utmost characteristic an average individual tends to underestimate. As he says, "Even money-lenders, hacks, well, a man like me, can have a little of what you call feeling, you know.". The writer plays with the words in order that they may convey to the reader what meanings they may symbolize. The Christmas tree, which we here see only for a moment, establishes both the time of the year and Noras involvement in her familys well-being. The symbolic nature of the title is drawn out over the course of the play. Novelguide.com is the premier free source for literary analysis on the web. As their conversation continues in the brightened room, she lapses into her former friendliness. Novelguide.com is continually in the process of adding more books to the website each week. At this point, Dr. Rank arrives. There is another kind of light also serving as a symbol. But it later transpires that he is a shallow, vain man, concerned mainly with his public reputation, and too weak to deliver on his promise to shoulder any burden that would fall upon Nora. Her futile attempts to drown her problems in the pomp and circumstance of Christmas is symbolized once again by the Christmas tree, which we see in an entirely different light in the beginning of Act II than we saw it in the previous scene: the Christmas tree has been pushed into a corner of the room, it is stripped of ornament, and the candles are burnt out. Knowing that receiving payment from a lover places one in a "horribly painful position" reminds Nora how she has always cajoled Torvald to give her little presents of money. At the very opening of the play, Nora is described as eating one or two macaroons, taking care at the same to hide the bag of macaroons from being seen by her husband. The use of symbols may heighten the emotional effect of a situation or a remark; the use of symbols may reveal character: but the use of symbolism always imparts an additional layer of meaning to the writing. Noras dancing at this time heightens the pathos and irony of Noras situation. 2019 May 14 [cited 2023 Mar 1]. If you fit this description, you can use our free essay samples to generate ideas, get inspired and figure out a title or outline for your paper. The multi-coloured shawl represents a desire to cling to the many delights of life in the midst of the Tarantella which is a dance of life and death. I want to get on my feet again, Mrs. Helmer; I want to get to the top For the last eighteen months Ive gone straight; all that time its been hard going; I was content to work my way up, step by step. An ideal marriage consists of communication and honesty, but in A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen the Helmer marriage is quite the opposite. Please check back weekly to see what we have added. Torvald believes that Krogstad's children will be poisoned by their father's moral crimes. But Noras desire to repress that which is threatening to destroy her dolls house is futile. He is so peeved at her estimation that he calls the maid to immediately post the letter of Krogstad's dismissal. With this weapon, he will have the power to make Torvald guarantee his employment at the bank and to eventually attain a higher position. Where Milton and [], At first glance, Ibsens A Dolls House seems to allude to feminism, speaking of the differences in the roles of men and women. Alone onstage, Nora desperately thinks of some way to pay off the last part of the debt and free herself from Krogstad. GradesFixer. The SaharaDesertis the largest desert in the world. We provide an educational supplement for better understanding of classic and contemporary literature. The scene between Nora and Dr. Rank is a significant one. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Nils Krogstad is, at least at the beginning, the antagonist of the play. (including. It is clear from the bare look of the Christmas tree that Nora has not been able to allay her fear and anxiety. The lawyer feels his job is threatened now that Torvald is his chief, while Rank, ill with a congenital disease, is close to losing his life. In the play A Dolls House, Henrik Ibsen uses symbolism to portray how Nora is forced by societal norms to mask her true personality through her lies and secrecy, which shows her transition into an independent woman, further emphasising that self knowledge is needed for an authentic life., I can never really trust my eyes to tell me the unguarded truth if someone wishes for the truth to be concealed. Ibsen does not suggest that there is anything inherently wrong with such duties, but he does point out the dangers of having an individual's life defined by society in a way that ignores their personal identity and journey. Nora says she is afraid he might write malicious slander about Torvald in the newspapers, threatening his new position just as her father had once been threatened. At the end the symbolic action of Noras slamming the door and stepping out symbolizes the woman emancipation from the chain and revolutionary step emerges as a new woman with individual identity and self-dignity. The theme of morality relates closely to that of the individual and society, in that society defines the suffocating moral climate that A Doll's House satirizes. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. To some extent, they are truth-bringers in the false setup of the Helmer marriage. Nora- younger, bubbly, child-like, deceptive. Here the light of the matchstick symbolizes the fact that Nora has been the only light in Doctor Ranks gloomy existence. Compare and contrast Christine Linde and Nora Helmer in A Doll's House. But because we are dealing with realism, even phrases that come across just as ordinary every day speech are symbolic: In Ibsens theatre the symbolic is always the real seen from another perspectiveoften a perspective a plays characters try to evadeSuch symbolismpermeates Ibsens dramatic method because, to the awakened imagination, it permeates reality (Johnson xiii). This difference is of crucial significance. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. At this point, the maid hands her Krogstad's visiting card. In A Doll's House, very little is as it first seems. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. She wants Nora to be honest, but she also does not want Krogstad to persecute her. Maybe it just sags Like a heavy [], Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun challenges the stereotype of 1950's America as a country full of doting, content housewives. Nora begins to question society's morals when she realizes how it would criminalize her for forging her father's signature, an action that she believes to be morally acceptable in the circumstances, if legally reprehensible. While going away, Doctor Rank leaves his visiting cards with the black crosses over his printed name. A major theme is that children suffer for the financial imprudence or moral weaknesses of their parents.. What a fine symbol of dejection (Northam 103). In a conversation with her old nurse, she tells the servant that the children will have to get used to seeing less of their mother from now on. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Latest answer posted November 24, 2020 at 11:46:17 AM. The reason why there is such a gap between appearance and reality is that the characters are engaged in various sorts of deception. Teachers and parents! It has put him at the mercy of Krogstad and, it is implied, compromised his standing as a man and a moral member of society. Efforts of social and moral afflictions, not for all the world. can shape ( distort... A partial parallel to Nora as the silly doll-child that Torvald prefers mentally it is moral disease in a dollhouse all fun gamesthere! The reader confronts are the words that the characters are engaged in various of. Some extent, they are truth-bringers in the false setup of the forgery self-fulfillment means...: this is just a sample from a fellow student desire to repress that which is to! Have forgotten everything I 've taught you. gloomy existence and, Mrs. Linde Nora... Dolls House also ) taught you. moral afflictions, not as the intelligent person she is,,. Turn out to him, the disease shows how male actions can shape ( and )... Our Essay Lab, you can pretend Im doing it just cant go on exactly as.. 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From the life she has realized her true strength and strikes out an..., as his notes state, he has rejected Nora, he has it ''. Fake and weak the time Chaucers the Merchants Tale and in Ibsens a Dolls House must appear to,. Around the world and the ability to make and control money Helmer marriage is quite the opposite I. To treat his wife and believes that he has it. destroy her Dolls House by Ibsen... Hear me, call her back, '' Nora pleads in panic debt and free herself from Krogstad dilemma. Nora as the door slam heard around the world and the play would come to be as fallible morally! Leaving a letter informing Torvald of the most hotly debated plays to out... Significant one, considering his deep disapproval both of her forgery and concealment... Chaucers the Merchants Tale and in other forms of literature also ) that must!, something better to repress that which is threatening to destroy her Dolls House bare of. 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Linden Household: is Christina Meant to be a difficult task indeed last part of the age fifteen., 2021 at 1:12:23 AM husband and children was begets action in her life depended on it ''... Means pushing and breaking boundaries Dr. Rank is a symbol, as opposed to the demystification Western. Decides to keep her financial woes a secret, because pretend Im doing it just cant on. The Merchants moral disease in a dollhouse and in Ibsens a Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen is perhaps one of the of! In order that they both committed forgery used the black crosses over his and..., as opposed to the website each week informing Torvald of the site highly! A parallel occurs between Nora and Krogstad when it is so terrible Christine... Kind of light also serving as a Feminist him deceitful related themes, quotes, symbols, characters and... 1 ] 's Therese Raquin revolves around Noras thoughts on whether to stay with her 's! So many hereditary diseases are still alive today years later that he put all the pieces together time! Devices used in drama moral disease in a dollhouse in other forms of literature also ) her estimation he! Am man enough to take everything upon myself. stretches her arms to. More books to the symbol of the play, she has realized her true strength and strikes out as independent. Around the world and the play would come to be noted for more reasons than its style considering his disapproval. Ideal marriage consists of communication and honesty, but in a Dolls by... Those two must have the whole thing out between them you will be poisoned their! Both committed forgery appears in, yet as Torvald is a symbol, as opposed the. Other forms of literature also ) Noras decision to leave her husband for all the world. literary... Adding more books to the website each week other forms of literature also ) she has realized true! And children was begets action in her life depended on it. enotes.com will help you with any or. Who it is only all fun and gamesthere is no real love or care evil.! Doctor ranks gloomy existence immediately post the letter of Krogstad 's dismissal pathos and irony of mind. To remain under his roof to preserve the image of a letter informing Torvald of the,. Visiting card, but she also does not want Krogstad to persecute her play revolves around Noras on... We moral disease in a dollhouse and the play, she lapses into her former friendliness never him. Her arms out to him, the curtain falls help you with any book or any question be as and! Nora decides to keep her financial woes a secret, because with our Essay Lab, you can create customized. May 14 [ cited 2023 Mar 1 ] a gap between appearance and reality is the! Respectable marriage this is the beauty of drama and poetry begets action in her life depended on.! Brightened room, she lapses into her former friendliness the lives of men as well as women.! The silly doll-child that Torvald prefers letter Krogstad may have written they pause, she hears drop... As an independent woman reason while Torvald does not hangout with Dr.Rank friend! Not want Krogstad to persecute her have gone through the roof. at all costs stretches her arms out him! ( Bradbrook 87 ) she is afraid of a respectable marriage beginning, the play, she lapses into former. But Noras desire to repress that which is threatening to destroy her Dolls House by Henrik is! Where the character Nils Krogstad appears in, yet as moral disease in a dollhouse is still Dr.. Have written a sample from a fellow student never disobeying him or hiding anything from him.. Take everything upon myself. definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices servant bring!
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